A single-layer closure with interrupted 4. For wedge resection techniques, a two-layer closure is suggested to reduce incision dehiscence risk. I recommend 4. Labia majora excision defects are also closed in two layers: 4.
The skin sutures are removed 1 week after surgery. Aftercare is similar for both labia majora and minora procedures: minimal ambulation, ice compacts, and narcotic analgesia for the first 2 days and topical antibiotic ointment application and sanitary pads as dressing for 1 week. Daily tepid showers are permitted. Routine follow-up visits occur at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Vicryl Rapide sutures, if still present, are removed at 2 weeks. Vaginal penetration is not permitted for 4 weeks.
Labiaplasty procedures have low complication rates. Hematoma and wound dehiscence are most commonly reported. Lista et al 2 reported a 3. Unaddressed clitoral hood redundancy and labial remnants posterior to the introitus, as indicated earlier, may also motivate revision requests. Overzealous resection with partial or complete amputation of the labium, although rare, is perhaps the most dreaded complication observed.
Labial edge scalloping, usually minor, can occur after edge excision techniques. Scar contractures, although reported, are very rare. Persisting postoperative dyspareunia is extremely rare. I have never observed it. This has also been the experience of others. External genital cosmetic surgical procedures are increasingly being requested by women today.
Competently performed, all labiaplasty techniques appear to yield excellent aesthetic results, with high patient satisfaction and very low complication rates. To date, no technique has proven to be clearly superior to the others described. Plastic surgeons should develop competence in performing female external genital aesthetic surgery. Several different operative techniques, to permit tailoring to each woman's unique genital anatomy and aesthetic desires, should be part of the skill set of all surgeons performing labiaplasties.
The author declares no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article. The author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article. Aesthet Surg J. The safety of aesthetic labiaplasty: a plastic surgery experience.
Google Scholar. Hunter JG. Commentary on: labioplasty: anatomy, etiology, and a new surgical approach. Cosmetic surgery of the female external genitalia. Current Cosmetic Surgery.
New York : McGraw-Hill ; ; - Google Preview. Triana L Robledo AM. Aesthetic surgery of female external genitalia. Labia minora reduction techniques: a comprehensive literature review. Refreshing labiaplasty techniques for plastic surgeons. Aesthet Plast Surg. Labioplasty: anatomy, etiology, and a new surgical approach.
Commentary on: Postoperative clitoral hood deformity after labiaplasty. Hamori CA. Postoperative clitoral hood deformity after labiaplasty.
A large multicenter outcome study of female genital plastic surgery. J Sex Med. Hodgkinson DJ Hait G. Aesthetic vaginal labiaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. Maas S Hage JJ. Functional and aesthetic labia minora reduction. Alter GJ. A new technique for aesthetic labia minora reduction. Ann Plast Surg. Commentary on: Labia minora reduction techniques: a comprehensive literature review. Clinical characteristics of well women seeking labial reduction surgery: a prospective study.
Psychological characteristics and motivation of women seeking labiaplasty. Psychol Med. Aesthetic labia minora and clitoral hood reduction using extended central wedge resection. A new method for aesthetic reduction of labia minora the deepithelialization reduction labiaplasty. Felicio Yde A. Labial surgery. Considerations in female external genital aesthetic surgery techniques. Hypertrophy of the labia minora: experience with reductions. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Corresponding Author: Dr John G. E-mail: jgh nyp. Oxford Academic. Cite Cite John G. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Aesthetic alteration of the genitalia is increasingly sought by women unhappy with the size, shape, and appearance of their vulva.
Figure 1. Together, the labia majora form the lateral borders of the pudendal cleft, the vertical fissure of the vulva. Anterior to the pudendal cleft, they join to form the anterior commissure of the labia majora, just inferior to the mons pubis. On the posterior end, the labia majora gradually merge with the surrounding skin in the perineal region at their posterior commissure. The major function of the labia majora is protection of the softer tissues of the vulva.
Unlike the inner structures of the vulva, the labia majora contain many pubic hairs that help to protect the rest of the vulva from mechanical stress and friction. The adipose tissue of the labia majora also helps to cushion the vulva from exterior stresses. Many exocrine glands are associated with the hair follicles of labia majora, including apocrine sudoriferous glands, eccrine sudoriferous glands, and sebaceous glands. Some people may have pink or purplish labia, while others may have reddish or brown labia.
This is because of increased blood flow to the area. See your doctor if:. These could be a sign of yeast infection or other irritation. Your vaginal area is distinct in more ways than just labia appearance. Most people develop pubic hair as a response to rising testosterone levels during puberty. You can have thick hair, thin hair, a lot of hair, a little hair, hair just on your pubic bone or all over your vulva, and, yes, the carpets may not match the drapes.
All of this is absolutely normal. Some vaginal discharge is normal. Sometimes, changes in color and texture are a sign of an underlying condition. See your doctor if your discharge:.
These are typically signs of infection, such as yeast vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis , chlamydia , or gonorrhea. All vaginas have a slight odor. Your smell will depend on a variety of factors, including your diet and hormones.
Bumps caused by ingrown hairs , pimples , swollen veins , or harmless cysts typically fade after a week or so. See your doctor if the bump persists or is accompanied by itching, burning, or other unusual symptoms. It could be caused by a sexually transmitted infection or other underlying condition.
Labia have dozens of natural variations. They can be small or large, visible or hidden, lopsided or symmetrical. All are normal and are what make your vulva uniquely yours. They can identify the cause and help you find relief. The clitoral hood is a fold of skin that surrounds and protects the glans clitoris. The glans gets all the glory when it comes to sexual pleasure, but….
There are lot of misconceptions around how the vagina works and how you should be caring for it. Here's what you need to know. Your discharge can say a lot about your health.
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