Thirty subjects received either mg twice daily mg daily 7-Keto or placebo for eight weeks along with exercise training, restricted diet approx. Subjects in the 7-Keto group lost a significant amount of weight and body fat compared to placebo. In fact, weight loss in the 7-Keto group was almost three times the weight loss in the placebo group.
While these effects are appealing, this study did not appear to adjust caloric intake to body weight, possibly leaving confounding variables that may impact the significance of these results. In , Zenk et al. Body weight, body fat, and BMI did not statistically differ from placebo. In another study evaluating RMR, a combination treatment including 7-Keto was studied. RMR as well as hip circumference in the combination product group was statistically different from placebo.
While it is difficult to attribute the effects of combination product studies to 7-Keto alone, these results support the previous study, indicating a possible effect of 7-Keto on RMR. Another combination product including 7-Keto and seven other ingredients was investigated for its effects on weight loss. The group taking the combination product lost significantly more weight after eight weeks than the placebo group 2.
However, no changes were found in body fat or basal metabolic rate. In , General Nutrition Corp. The FDA filed this notification without comment. The intended dose in this notification was 25 mg up to two times per day. In , Perrigo Co. FDA also filed this notification without comment. The safety of DHEA and its metabolites has been studied extensively. A summary of toxicology data performed on 7-Keto was included in the NDI notification.
Raspberry Ketone Raspberry ketone, or 4- 4-hydroxyphenyl butanone or 4-phenylbutanol, is an aromatic compound found in raspberries Rubus idaeus as well as other fruits and the barks of some trees. A large interest in this ingredient for weight maintenance is partly due to its structural similarity to compounds such as capsaicin and synephrine.
This fact has also caused some to question the safety of raspberry ketone. The mechanism of raspberry ketone within the body still needs to be fully understood; however, it is known that after ingestion, 4-phenylbutanol is rapidly absorbed, conjugated with glucuronic acid, and excreted.
In vitro and Animal Trials In , an intriguing in vitro trial indicated that raspberry ketone could enhance lipolysis in adipocytes. Furthermore, after the cells had been bathed in raspberry ketone for four days, increased adiponectin a hormone involved in energy homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation were observed.
Lastly, lipid accumulation within the adipocytes was markedly suppressed by raspberry ketones. Male mice were given a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet in conjunction with 0. It is thought that raspberry ketone exerts its lipid alterations through norepinephrine-induced lipolysis.
Unfortunately, there are as of yet no published human trials on raspberry ketones. The average intake in the United States through diet is 0. Although small levels of raspberry ketones have been ingested throughout history with no safety concerns, additional safety studies may be needed for dosages indicated for weight loss, often suggested at up to mg daily.
Conclusion The science, safety profile, and regulatory status of 7-keto-DHEA, particularly the acetylated form, 7-Keto, have brought this ingredient a much-desired credible stance in the world of weight-loss ingredients. Additional human intervention trials involving 7-keto-DHEA particularly as a monotherapy are warranted to substantiate the efficacy of this ingredient for weight management in humans, as well as provide larger understanding of its vast effects in the body.
The current research, however, does support a thermogenic effect of 7-keto-DHEA. The research on raspberry ketone is also quite intriguing with regard to weight maintenance. It may also improve skin elasticity in healthy women However, this study was small and had a number of flaws. More studies need to confirm these effects before any claims can be made One small study proposes that raspberry ketones, administered topically, can increase hair growth and improve skin elasticity.
While there are anecdotal reports of jitteriness, rapid heartbeat and increased blood pressure, there are no studies to support this. Without human studies on raspberry ketones, there is no good data on side effects or a science-backed recommended dosage.
While they seem to work in test animals fed extreme doses, this has no relevance to the doses commonly recommended in humans. Lasting, beneficial changes in your lifestyle are much more likely to have an impact on your weight than raspberry ketones. This is a detailed, evidence-based review of the 12 most popular weight loss pills and supplements on the market today.
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